Music during the colonial period was profoundly shaped by the operations of imperial power. Empire-building entailed not only territorial conquest, but also the reorganization of auditory space, with sound employed to establish a new colonial order. In this context, keyboard instruments symbolized the export of colonial authority; they entered the colonies alongside guns, bibles, and disease, representing both material and sonic domination. Following the Treaty of Tientsin in 1858, Taiwan opened multiple ports to foreign trade, and the English Presbyterian Mission began its work in 1865. Missionary activity introduced church music, Western notation, organ and piano performance, and choral singing, gradually integrating Western musical elements into the local soundscape. Drawing on resources such as the English Presbyterian Mission archives, memoirs, church records, and relevant historical documents, this paper offers a preliminary exploration of the distribution of keyboard instruments in Southern Presbyterian Churches before and during the Japanese colonial period and analyzes their historical role in developing musical talent within churches in southern Taiwan.